lithium history of the drug
Lithium beyond psychiatric indications: the reincarnation of a new old drug
The History of Lithium, Current Clinical Applications, and Known Signaling Pathways. Lithium is an elementary light metal, which is only used as lithium salt because of its high intrinsic reactivity. First evidence of using lithium as therapeutic drug goes back to the 19 th century (Shorter, 2009).
The History of Lithium – Psych Education
Lithium was first discovered as a chemical element in 1817 the mid-1800s, there was great interest in "urate imbalances", which were thought to explain a variety of diseases, including mania and depression. Around this time, it was discovered that a solution of lithium carbonate could dissolve stones made of urate.
Lithium (Oral Route) Side Effects
Lithium is used to treat mania that is part of bipolar disorder (manic-depressive illness). It is also used on a daily basis to reduce the frequency and severity of manic episodes. Manic-depressive patients experience severe mood changes, ranging from an excited or manic state (eg, unusual anger or irritability or a false sense of well-being ...
Lithium Side Effects, Toxicity, and Monitoring Tests
Acute-on-chronic lithium toxicity: Toxicity can also occur if you typically take your lithium as prescribed, but take too much on a particular day. Mild cases of lithium toxicity can result in symptoms such as weakness, tremors, poor concentration, and diarrhea. In severe cases, it can lead to vomiting, more noticeable tremors, slurred …
Lithium and Its History | SpringerLink
The modern history of lithium started in 1949 with John Cade''s contribution after he noted its specific effect in patients with mania (Cade 1949). In the late 1940s, Australian psychiatrist Cade sought a treatment for "psychotic excitement" (manic-depressive illness). ... Kay Redfield Jamison once stated "Lithium is not an easy drug ...
A History of the Pharmacological Treatment of Bipolar Disorder
Chemically, lithium is the simplest drug among those used in psychiatric therapy, as it is the lightest metal in nature. The distribution of this metal in small quantities is wide, being detected in seawater, ... (Figure 13)—started the first randomized clinical trials using this drug in the history of psychiatry .
Lithium: Indication, Dosage, Side Effect, Precaution
Adult: For acute manic or mixed episode: As lithium carbonate: Initially, 600-900 mg/day in 2-3 divided doses, increase based on response and tolerability by 300-600 mg every 1-5 days to usual therapeutic dose of 900-1,800 mg daily.After 5-7 days, at a stable therapeutic dose, adjust the dose based on patient''s clinical response, tolerability and target serum …
Lithium: Drug Uses, Dosage and Side Effects
Lithium toxicity can occur if you take only slightly more than a recommended dose. Stop using this medicine and call your doctor right away if you have symptoms of lithium toxicity: muscle weakness, twitching, drowsiness, feeling light-headed, mood changes, blurred vision, ringing in your ears, irregular heartbeats, confusion, …
The history of lithium therapy.
At a meeting of the Psychopharmacologic Drugs Advisory Committee of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the early 1970s, opinion was divided on the use of lithium for "the prevention of recurrent mania.". Gerald Klerman, professor of psychiatry at Harvard, was strongly in favor. But the FDA believed the indication ill justified ...
A Brief History of Lithium
Lithium (Li) is a very special element. Some of the lithium we rely on in the rechargeable batteries in our smartphones, laptops and electric vehicles was created during the Big Bang 13.8 billion years ago. Image: Shutterstock. The lithium cycle on Earth starts with lithium-bearing magma rising to the Earth''s crust during periods of volcanic ...
Lithium: past, present, and future
Treatment guidelines recommend lithium as a first-line option for relapse prevention and suicide prevention in bipolar I disorder. However, there is a disparity between research efficacy and clinical effectiveness, with only a third of patients having an excellent response to long-term treatment.1 Nowadays, lithium use is in decline,2 which is probably …
A Brief History of Lithium Treatment in Psychiatry
Abstract. The history of lithium as a psychiatric medication is marked by its serendipitous discovery, its lengthy path to US Food and Drug Administration approval, and controversy surrounding its current status in bipolar disorder treatment. Without doubt, the discovery of lithium as a psychotropic agent forever changed the course of psychiatry.
Drug
Uncoated aspirin tablets, consisting of about 90% acetylsalicylic acid, along with a minor amount of inert fillers and binders.Aspirin is a pharmaceutical drug often used to treat pain, fever, and inflammation.. A drug is any chemical substance that when consumed causes a change in an organism''s physiology, including its psychology, if applicable. [vague] Drugs …
Lithium: the pharmacodynamic actions of the amazing ion
Over the last 40 years, a key theory regarding lithium''s pharmacodynamic actions, which has evolved from biochemical data, involves the depletion of free myo-inositol concentrations [Berridge et al. 1989; Harwood, 2005].Myo-inositol is a prominent form of the six-carbon sugar inositol, and an essential component of the PI …
Lithium: a therapeutic magic wand
The premodern and modern history of lithium in medicine spans 130 years. While today the drug has a firmly established role in psychiatry, many issues have yet to be fully resolved. Discussed within (but still not fully resolved) are the effectiveness of lithium in treatment-resistant depression, wh …
The history of lithium therapy
Abstract. The use of lithium in psychiatry goes back to the mid-19th century. Early work, however, was soon forgotten, and John Cade is credited with reintroducing lithium to psychiatry for mania in 1949. Mogens Schou undertook a randomly controlled trial for mania in 1954, and in the course of that study became curious about lithium as a ...
Lithium: A Doctor, a Drug, and a Breakthrough
The remarkable untold story of a miracle drug, the forgotten pioneer who discovered it, and the fight to bring lithium to the masses. The DNA double helix, penicillin, the X-ray, insulin—these are routinely cited as some of the most important medical discoveries of the twentieth century. And yet, the 1949 discovery of lithium as a cure for …
Lithium
Objectives: A narrative review of past, present, and future of lithium use in psychiatry. Methods: The most important references on the topic were reviewed with special emphasis on the author''s works. Results: The history of medical and psychiatric use of lithium dates back to more than one and a half-century ago. However, modern psychiatric history …
Lithium | Definition, Properties, Use, & Facts | Britannica
The use of lithium carbonate to treat manic-depression (also known as bipolar disorder) was demonstrated clinically in 1954. Fears about lithium toxicity delayed its approval for many years, but it is now the major drug for the treatment of manic episodes and for maintenance therapy in bipolar patients. James L. Dye
Lithium: The Untold Story of the Magic Mineral
Lithium was given its official name by a Swedish chemist named Johan August Arfvedson in 1817. He isolated the element while studying petalite – a rich mineral deposit found in soils – on the remote island of Uto. The unique substance was named lithium after the Greek word lithos, meaning literally "from stone.".
Lithium (medication)
OverviewMedical usesAdverse effectsInteractionsOverdoseMechanism of actionHistorySalts and product names
In 1970, lithium was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of bipolar disorder, which remains its primary use in the United States. It is sometimes used when other treatments are not effective in a number of other conditions, including major depression, schizophrenia, disorders of impulse control, and some psychiatric disorders in …
Lithium: Meaning, Side Effects, Precautions
Those who are taking lithium can take the following precautions: Avoid drinking alcohol or using an illicit drug. Avoid low-sodium diets and dehydration. Avoid over-the-counter and prescription pain medications that contain nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen or naproxen.
Lithium: A Doctor, A Drug, and a Breakthrough
I understood that lithium, thanks to its cameo roles in copious film and TV shows, including an appearance of lithium sprinkled ice cream in an episode of Sex and the City, inhabits a particular place in public consciousness unlike that of any other psychopharmaceutical drug. At once familiar and unfamiliar, lithium exudes, or perhaps …
The History of Lithium in Medicine and Psychiatry | SpringerLink
The history of lithium in medicine and psychiatry has been extensively documented and published most recently by Professor Johan Schioldann (first edition 2001; second expanded edition 2009). Footnote 1 The case of lithium illustrates the role that serendipity can play in the development of medical treatments (with John Cade''s …
Lithium Side Effects
Lithium Toxicity or Overdose . Other serious side effects can occur if you take more than the prescribed amount of lithium, resulting in lithium toxicity or overdose. Even small amounts of too much lithium taken slowly over time can lead to overdose as this drug has a narrow safety range.
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